| Muhammad
Junagarhi in Tafsir Ahsanul Bayan (p. 802), has however mentioned
following four kinds of Hidaayah: (i) Irshaad, (ii) Taufiiq,
(iii) Inspiration, and (iv) Reasoning
Tadrees Lughatul Quran by Abu Masood Hassan Alvi
has mentioned following four kinds of Hidaayah: (i) Inspiration,
(ii) Senses, (iii) Reasoning, and (iv) Religion.
Imam Raghib Isfahani has identified following
four kinds of Hidayah: (i) Intuition and
Intelligence: It has been provided to all creatures according
to their needs: (20-50), (ii) Revelation,
and (iii) Taufiiq:"Man-yyu'minm billaahi
yahdi qalbahuu",64-11, & "Yahdii man-yyashaau
ilaa siraatim-mustaqiim" 2-142&2-213:
“And
whosoever believes in Allah, He guides his heart.
And Allah is the Ever All-Knower of everything.”
64-11
"Verily,
those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, their
Lord-Sustainer (Allah) will guide them with their Faith".
10-9
"As for those who strive in Our (Allah’s)
cause -
We will certainly guide them to Our Paths.
For verily, Allah is with those who do right".
29-69
"And
Allah increases in guidance, those who walk aright.
And the righteous good deeds that last, are better
with your Lord-Sustainer, for reward and better
for resort." 19-76
“He (Allah) guides whom He wills to the
Straight Way.” 2-142 and 2-213
(iv)
The Guidance that sets the state right and takes to the destination:
"He (Allah)
will guide them and set right their state." 47-5
Imam Raghib
Isfahani is further of the view that these kinds of Hidaayah
are sort of steps of a ladder, one essential in sequence to
the other.
Command of Allah
and Guidance in Different Processes of Creation, Development
and Evolution:Guidance or Guidance by Command
of Allah is imbued right from the first stage of planning.
It works in different ways at different stages, e.g., (i)
Along with planning for certain schemes, laws are initiated
that govern execution of these schemes, (ii) Actual execution
of these schemes takes place according to the set laws. All
phenomena of nature are controlled by these laws and all animate
and inanimate objects are governed by them. Animals obey them
by instinct, (iii) Laws concerning humanity are given to mankind
through revelation. Human beings are also imbued with faculty
of freedom of choice and will, and (iv) Phenomena of nature
and human personality are all governed from the same source.
It is beautifully described in the following verse:
"By the
sun and its brightness, and
By the moon as she follows him.
By the day as it shows up the sun's glory and
By the night as it conceals it.
By the heavenly bodies and their structures.
By the earth and its (wide) expanse.
By the human personality and the order and equilibrium
given to it and the way in which the possibilities
of
its disintegration and protection therefrom have
been ingrained therein.
All these laws governing the phenomena of nature
as well as those that govern the human personality
are witness to the fact that truly the one
who develops his personality (by his right conduct)
does succeed, and the one who disintegrates
it by his misdeeds, fails." 91-1 to 10
(Abdul Wadud, The Phenomena
of Nature and the Quran, p.8)
Hidaayat
and Development:In the context of creation
and development arise questions about Evolution, particularly
Darwinism which became the main stay of theories of Materialism.
Contesting sides in this debate have mostly stuck to partial
positions, covering just one aspect of creation or development.
From above discussion and from many verses of the Holy Quran,
it could be seen that right from ‘intention’ and
‘planning’ to different processes of ‘creation,
progressive development and sustenance’, there are distinct
and widely different phenomena, including selection, mutation,
upgradation, evolution, enhancement, which are in operation
in nature. Allah is Ever All-Powerful Able over all things,
to do all things.
“The creation and selection occur according
to the law (Will) of your Sustainer (Allah).
The (the creatures) have got no choice in it.
Glory be to Allah. He is far above partners they
ascribe to Him.” 28-68
(Translation: Abdul Wadud)
Another translation
of the same verse:
“And your Lord (Allah) creates whatsoever He wills,
and chooses,
no choice have they (in any matter).
Glorified is Allah, and Exalted above all that
they associate
(as partners with Him).” 28-68
(Translation: Dr M.M. Khan
& Dr Al-Hilali).
The Quran
speaks of different stages in process of creation and development
, e.g. in 87-2 & 3:
Takhliiq : bring into being or existence,
Taswiyaa: give a proper mould or set an appropriate
form,
Taqdir: assign a specific or appropriate role
or function, both internal and external; and
Hidaayat: invest with appropriate instincts, senses,
etc- guidance:
“Praise
the Name of your Lord, the Most High (Allah)!
Who has created, and balanced all things,
Who has fixed their destinies, and grants them
guidance " 87-2 & 3
When some
thing is created, it is made self dynamic and works in the
interacting dynamic environment. At the same time it is not
abandoned by the Creator as He constantly and continuously
sustains and develops it - the process which has been explained
as Rubuubiyat. The Creator possesses all sciences of creation,
recreation, mutation, selection, evolution, upgradation, transformation,
transfiguring, all other physical and genetic engineering
and all Powers and Ability, unimaginable in the limited stretches
of human mind, not only to do these things once but any number
of times, in any number, in any manner, with all authority
to intervene, any time. Thus He may create, re-create, evolve,
develop or upgrade physically or genetically, as the case
may be, or as He may wish.
“All
the thankful praises are to Allah,
the Originator-Creator of the heavens and the
earth,
Who made the angels messengers with wings (dimensions)
two or three or four.
He increases in creation what He wills.
Verily, Allah is Ever All-Able Powerful to do
all things.” 35-1
Evolutionists
are still perplexed, inspite of all scientific research, that
there are missing links in theory and sequence of evolution
to the stage of development of man. Besides embryonic development
of man, Allah has explained different processes of creation
and genetics. He can create ex nihilo, denovo or posthumous.
After evolving a creation to a certain point e.g. as a particular
species, it may be upgraded genetically or transformed into
completely a new species or new creation. Science is also
progressively probing and providing clues to these possibilities
and promising even more.
There are different modules and packages of genes.
Alteration or addition can make the whole difference. In progressive
journey from lowest or simplest form to highest or most complex
form of any substance, just a change only to the extent of
one electron or proton that effects changes in charge, valance
or weight, alters the whole range of chemical and physical
behaviour (chemical reactions and physical properties), in
a very precisely calculated pattern. Therefore, upgradation
or a new creation of man, at the given stage, should not surprise
materialist minds, once they believe in such physical realities
and above all as they already believe in creation of primal
matter, formation of various material moulds into inanimate
objects and animate creatures, their development to specific
stages as species, etc. It is not a case
of a limited option or condition of either
evolution or creation, for Omniscient God..
Science to a great extent predicts, to some extent probes
and progressively promises more possibilities of innumerable
and all varieties of processes. When Darwin put forward his
assumptions, micro-biology, bio-chemistry, genetics etc.,
did not yet exist. Science in those days had a very limited
understanding of structure and functioning of cell. It is
now increasingly understood that Bio-mathematics rules out
‘chance’ of formation of a single protein molecule,
what to say about the whole complex cell itself, just by mere
chance!
Evolutionists believe that water species some
how stepped onto land and developed all complex systems of
organs of land dwellers, e.g. lungs etc, which is not supported
by biological facts pertaining, e.g. to their weight carrying
capability on land as against their light-weight floating
in water, Retention of heat, use of water, kidneys, respiratory
systems etc. Furthermore biological research has also established
that "mutation" does not create new species but
creates disorders and disabilities in the living bodies. The
‘evolution’ alone has not been able to explain
the origin of species.
Man is the noblest and the latest of , let us
call it, creation in the chain of evolutional-upgradation
or upgraded-evolution. As discussed above, Allah is Ever All-
Powerful Able over every thing to create, recreate, upgrade,
evolve or develop through any one or more processes e.g. from
‘creation of humanbeing’ (Insaan) and its upgradation
and elevation as Adam, on the earth. Besides generally known
sexual and asexual reproductive processes, science has now
discovered various processes of cloning, tissue typing, and
genetic engineering whereby right from the cell to the whole
animal, genetic variations have become evident. Very lengthy
processes of physical and chemical development and biological
evolution (may be more than one i.e., different for different
lines of species and creatures) took place, till we reach
the point of the ‘missing link’. It may also be
true that at such a point, altogether a new process of development
or upgradation or creation was applied in nature. Genetics
has unfolded more than one processes, and even more possibilities
are promised, e.g. in ‘cloning’. Through various
phases of development and harmonized diversity, a sustainably
supportive stage was prepared not only on the earth but in
the cosmos for the creation of the most advanced species called
man. The nature took billions of years in this process.
“..He
(Allah) adds to creation according to His laws..” 35.1
(Translation:
Abdul Wadud).
"Our Rabb! You have
not created all this without purpose.
Glory to Thee! Give us knowledge to discover the
laws of nature,
To save ourselves from destruction." 3-191
(Harun Yahya, ‘Evolution Deceit’,
Abdul Wadud, ‘Phenomena of Nature and the Quran’,
and Saulat Ali Khan,‘Taareekh-e-Islaam Aur Musalmaan’.)
“Atheism, Darwinism, and filely all ‘isms’
emanating from the eighteenth and to the twentieth century
philosophers are built upon the assumption, the incorrect
assumption, that the universe is infinite. The singularity
has brought us face to face with the Cause – or Causer
– beyond/ behind/ before the universe and all that it
contains, including life itself.” [(Hugh Ross, The Fingerprint
of God, p.50), Page 132, Some Secrets of the Quran, Harun
Yahya). Also see: 20-50, 43-27, 26-78. The argument of Ibrahim
(Peace be upon him) in 26 –78 to 80 is that Allah has
created me. He provides me sustenance and remedies my ailments
etc, He does not surely leave me unprovided with the talent
of self-direction and His Divine Guidance. Here note, in theses
verses and in the context, the term ‘Rabb’ –
i.e., His Rubuubiyat certainly provides with what is needed
for self-direction under His Guidance. Also see 37–99.
Signs and Manifestations in the sphere of physical
existence have been explicitly explained through the principle
based institution of revelation, for guidance e.g., 45- 1
to 6, and 6-91. The principle is as real and the institution
of revelation, right from Adam (Peace be upon him) to Muhammad
(Peace be upon him) as organized as the universe itself. It
provides all non-physical operating instruction and manual
for morality as all other continued services and support are
made available from the Providence, see e.g.: 6-95 to 99.
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